Resizing disk. ESX, Ubuntu 12.04 server
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We run out of space on one of the VMs we have and space was added in vCenter to the VM by expanding existing vmdk by extra 3G+
Normally, I'd add another vmdk, create PV and expand volume group with subsequent expanding of LV and filesystem. This case is different - space added to existing disk, so we need to work on partition table.
The only disk in the VM is /dev/sda. Original disk size was 17G and we extended it to 20G via vCenter.
Re-scan to see the extra space:
# echo 1 > /sys/block/sda/device/rescan
Checking that we get the 20G:
# fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 20.4 GB, 20401094656 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2480 cylinders, total 39845888 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002b8e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 33552383 16525313 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 33552383 16525312 8e Linux LVM
The main thing above is the "Start" column. Take the note of the start of the Extended partition /dev/sda2 and the logical /dev/sda5! We will need it later.
Now we delete the logical and extended partitions, because we want to expand it to the end of the drive:
Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-5): 5 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 20.4 GB, 20401094656 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2480 cylinders, total 39845888 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002b8e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 33552383 16525313 5 Extended Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-5): 2 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 20.4 GB, 20401094656 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2480 cylinders, total 39845888 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002b8e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
Now we re-create the two partitions and make sure that we line up the Extended one to its original Start position:
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (1-4, default 2):
Using default value 2
First sector (499712-39845887, default 499712): 501758
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (501758-39845887, default 39845887):
Using default value 39845887
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 20.4 GB, 20401094656 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2480 cylinders, total 39845888 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0002b8e5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 501758 39845887 19672065 5 Extended
Now we re-create the Logical partition. At this stage we won't be able to set the Start to the original position just yet. We will accept the default, then change it using Expert mode:
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5.
First sector (503806-39845887, default 503806):
Using default value 503806
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (503806-39845887, default 39845887):
Using default value 39845887
Command (m for help): x
Expert command (m for help): b
Partition number (1-5): 5
New beginning of data (501759-39845887, default 503806): 501760
Return back to main menu and confirm that we had it right:
Expert command (m for help): r Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 20.4 GB, 20401094656 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2480 cylinders, total 39845888 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002b8e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 39845887 19672065 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 39845887 19672064 83 Linux
Don't forget to set the type back to Linux LVM:
Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-5): 5 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 20.4 GB, 20401094656 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2480 cylinders, total 39845888 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002b8e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 39845887 19672065 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 39845887 19672064 8e Linux LVM
Now we can save the changes and reboot. Don't mind the warning, reboot:
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
After reboot, we check the current PV size before we change it:
# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda5 VG Name sysvg PV Size 15.76 GiB / not usable 2.05 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4034 Free PE 99 Allocated PE 3935 PV UUID lmJ0zN-2ZTu-g5mr-g7rO-fWLh-fAy6-OamfcY
Resizing the PV and checking that PV got the extra space and it's also visible on VG level:
# pvresize /dev/sda5 Physical volume "/dev/sda5" changed 1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized # pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda5 VG Name sysvg PV Size 18.76 GiB / not usable 2.81 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4802 Free PE 867 Allocated PE 3935 PV UUID lmJ0zN-2ZTu-g5mr-g7rO-fWLh-fAy6-OamfcY # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name sysvg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 20 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 7 Open LV 7 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 18.76 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4802 Alloc PE / Size 3935 / 15.37 GiB Free PE / Size 867 / 3.39 GiB VG UUID LtPaDF-iNlt-6JRW-WgnE-GRGC-NEyZ-cXIWkx
Extend the LV and resize filesystem:
# lvextend -L+2G /dev/sysvg/varlv Extending logical volume varlv to 10.86 GiB Logical volume varlv successfully resized # resize2fs /dev/sysvg/varlv resize2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) Filesystem at /dev/sysvg/varlv is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sysvg/varlv to 2847744 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/sysvg/varlv is now 2847744 blocks long. # df -h /var Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/sysvg-varlv 11G 3.8G 6.5G 37% /var
The above method requires reboot, while adding and extra virtual disk, creating PV on top of it and expanding VG would not. Although, there are limits to how many disks you can add to a VM, so the usual planing is a good thing ;-)
